India’s Republic Day: history and traditions of celebration

India’s Republic Day is not only a public holiday but also an event that unites the entire country. The celebrations include ceremonial events, cultural programs and patriotic activities that take place both at the state level and in private organizations.

History of India’s Republic Day

Events leading up to the adoption of the Constitution:

After a long struggle for independence from British rule, India gained freedom on August 15, 1947. However, until January 26, 1950, the country was governed under the Government of India Act, 1935, drafted by the British colonizers.

A Constitutional Assembly, comprising representatives from different regions and communities of the country, was formed to create its own Constitution. The assembly was chaired by Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar, a renowned lawyer and social activist.

Конституция Индии, India's Republic Day

Work on the Constitution continued for almost three years, from December 1946 to November 1949. During this time, more than 11 meetings were held and about 2,000 proposals were considered. On November 26, 1949, the text of the Constitution was finally adopted, but its coming into force was scheduled for January 26, 1950, to emphasize the historical significance of that date. It was on January 26, 1930 that the Indian National Congress proclaimed “Purna Swaraj” – the complete independence of India from British rule.

Since the Constitution came into force, India has become a sovereign, socialist, secular and democratic republic with a parliamentary form of government.

Entry into force of the Constitution

In 1950, India officially became a republic on January 26. Governor General Chakravarti Rajendra Prasad was elected as the country’s first president. On this day, the tricolor was raised in the state square and the national anthem “Jana Gana Mana” was played. This event was a turning point in India’s history, cementing its status as an independent democratic republic.

Significance of the holiday

India's Republic Day

Republic Day is not just a holiday but a reminder to every citizen of the importance of unity, freedom and democracy. It symbolizes the tenacity with which the Indian people have fought for their rights and inspires a new generation to preserve their national heritage.

Republic Day unites all Indians, irrespective of religion, culture and language. It is a time when the country honors its achievements, remembers the heroes of the past and looks to the future with confidence and pride.

Parade in New Delhi

Republic Day is a massive celebration that spans the entire country. The main events take place in the capital, New Delhi, but every corner of India celebrates the day with enthusiasm and patriotism.

The centerpiece of the festivities is the grand parade that takes place in the capital city of New Delhi. The parade begins at the Rashtrapati Bhavan (President’s Residence) and proceeds along the main thoroughfare, ending at India Gate. The main stages of the parade are:

  • Military Demonstration: All branches of the Indian armed forces are represented in the parade: land forces, navy and air force.A spectacular moment is the flying of military aircraft over the square, creating figures of colored smoke in the colors of the national flag.
  • Cultural Platforms: Each state and union territory of India presents a platform reflecting the unique cultural traditions, costumes and achievements of the region. Dances, musical performances and theatrical productions engage the audience.
  • Children’s Performances: School students participate in dance numbers and demonstrate gymnastic exercises symbolizing the unity and energy of the younger generation.

Flag hoisting and anthem singing on India’s Republic Day

Ражпатх, India's Republic Day

A national flag hoisting ceremony is held in all corners of the country. The flag is accompanied by the singing of the anthem “Jana Gana Mana” and the recitation of speeches on the significance of the holiday. In schools, government offices and public squares, ceremonies are held accompanied by singing of patriotic songs.

Rewarding heroes

Prestigious state awards are also conferred on Republic Day:

  • Bharat Ratna: India’s highest civilian award.
  • Ashoka Chakra: It is the highest military award for bravery in peacetime and is awarded on Republic Day.
  • Padma Bhushan, Padma Vibhushan and Padma Shri: for outstanding achievements in various fields.
  • Bravery Awards: given to civilians and children who have shown heroism in difficult situations.

Cultural and sports activities

Festivals, concerts and exhibitions showcasing India’s rich cultural heritage are held across the country. Sporting events, including marathons and demonstrations, attract a wide audience.

Illumination of cities

In the evening, major government buildings including Rashtrapati Bhavan are illuminated with bright lights. People gather on the streets to enjoy the beauty of the festive lights and see the final chords of the celebrations.

Interesting facts about Republic Day

Chief Guest: Every parade has a chief guest who is the head of state or government of another country. This emphasizes India’s friendly relations with other countries.

First Parade: The first parade in Rajpath was held in 1955. Prior to this, the main celebrations were held at other places like Red Fort and Irwin Stadium.

Longest Constitution: The Indian Constitution is considered to be the longest constitution in the world. It has more than 450 articles spread across 22 parts. It has been amended more than 100 times since it came into force to adapt to the changing social, economic and political conditions of the country.

It is a holiday that every Indian carries in his heart. Its celebrations inspire millions of people and remind them that the strength of a nation lies in its unity and aspiration for a better life.

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